Abstract
This paper describes the CO2 emissions of the additional electricity generation needed in Germany for battery electric vehicles. Different scenarios drawn up by the transmission system operators in past and for future years for expansion of the energy sources of electricity generation in Germany are considered. From these expansion scenarios, hourly resolved real-time simulations of the different years are created. Based on the calculations, it can be shown that even in 2035, the carbon footprint of a battery electric vehicle at a consumption of 22.5 kWh/100 km including losses and provision will be around 100 g CO2/km. Furthermore, it is shown why the often-mentioned German energy mix is not suitable for calculating the emissions of a battery electric vehicle fleet. Since the carbon footprint of a BEV improves significantly over the years due to the progressive expansion of renewable-energy sources, a comparison is drawn at the end of this work between a BEV (29.8 tons of CO2), a conventional diesel vehicle (34.4 tons of CO2), and a diesel vehicle with R33 fuel (25.8 tons of CO2) over the entire useful life.
Highlights
The contribution of C O2 emissions from anthropogenic sources, especially from individual mobility, to global warming is discussed more than ever in the public and political spheres
Charging a battery electric vehicles (BEV) with an electricity mix of 198 g CO2/ kWh in 2035 will result in a theoretical value of 45 g CO2/ km if one assumes a consumption of 22.5 kWh/100 km and an average value calculation based on Table 6, which is rather misleading
The analyses presented in this paper have revealed that, despite the continuous expansion of renewable-energy sources, additional electrical consumers will have to be supplied with fossil additional power plants for a large part of the annual hours in the future
Summary
The contribution of C O2 emissions from anthropogenic sources, especially from individual mobility, to global warming is discussed more than ever in the public and political spheres. The European Union has set a climate target that calls for a 40% reduction in greenhouse gases from anthropogenic sources by 2030 compared to the 1990 level [1]. This ambitious target has been even strengthened in the meantime. Automotive and Engine Technology the BMU Climate Protection Act [4, 5] They result from a publication by the IPCC, which describes the remaining CO2 budget with respect to meeting the 1.5 °C global warming target. It should be noted that the energy balance boundary conditions relevant to Germany were chosen for the analysis.
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