The reliability and validity of the positive and negative perfectionism scale

Abstract

Background: It has been debated if perfectionism is both positive and negative. This debate will more likely be resolved with scales that distinguish between positive and negative perfectionism, but currently there is limited psychometric information on these scales.Methods: This study examined the reliability and construct validity of the Positive and Negative Perfectionism Scale (PANPS) in three groups: A clinical sample with anxiety disorders and depression (n = 40), athletes (n = 111), and college students (n = 101).Results: There were two correlated factors of positive and negative perfectionism found on a confirmatory factor analysis although the solution was a poor fit. A subsequent exploratory factor analysis (EFA) produced a solution that was consistent with this interpretation. The negative perfectionism subscale demonstrated good internal consistency, and moderate to strong correlations with all subscales of the Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (FMPS). The positive perfectionism subscale had significant correlations with concern over mistakes and personal standards on the FMPS in all groups. The positive perfectionism subscale also had a significant, moderate correlation with depressive symptoms in the clinical group, which does not support the scale being associated with positive adjustment.Conclusion: The results indicate that the PANPS is not an adequate measure of positive and negative perfectionism.