The relevance of HPA-15 antigen expression for anti-HPA-15 antibody detection

Abstract

The HPA-15 antigen system is characterized by a low antigen expression on platelets. The antibodies against this antigen are implied in fetal/neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (F/NAIT), post-transfusion purpura, and refractoriness to platelet transfusions. Detection of these antibodies appears to be related to the level of HPA-15 expression on the platelets used in the monoclonal antibody-specific immobilization of platelet antigen (MAIPA) assay. We performed genotyping of 300 healthy blood donors for HPA-15 by TaqMan real-time PCR technology, and the HPA-15 antigen expression was investigated in 13 HPA-15aa and 19 HPA-15bb individuals. We also investigated the relevance of HPA-15 antigen expression on donor platelets used in MAIPA for antibody detection in 223 multitransfused hematological patients and 271 women with suspected F/NAIT. In Polish donors, the HPA-15a allele frequencies were lower than the HPA-15b (0.480 vs. 0.515). We identified three HPA-15 expression groups: high (36.7 ± 8.36 MFI - eight cases), medium (19.5 ± 6.2 MFI - 21 cases), and low (6.5 ± 5.9 MFI - three cases). The HPA-15 expression was stable over time. The HPA-15aa and HPA-15bb platelets with high antigen expression were used for anti-HPA-15 antibody detection; anti-HPA-15 antibodies were detected in 4/223 (1.8%) patients receiving multiple transfusions but in none of the 271 women with suspected F/NAIT. Further examination of the four sera by MAIPA with various platelets revealed the optical density in the assay to be closely related to the level of HPA-15 antigen expression. Anti-HPA-15 antibody detection should be based on carefully selected platelets with high HPA-15 expression level.