The release of persistent organic pollutants from a closed system dicofol production process

Abstract

High concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) have been found to be produced in chemical processes in which chlorine is a raw material. Samples of workshop air, waste water, waste acid, and the dicofol product were collected from a pesticide factory in China that uses a closed-system dicofol production process, and were analyzed for PCDD/Fs and ΣDDTs. The ΣDDTs concentrations were 1.88–17.53μgm−3 in the workshop air samples, 4.85–456μgkg−1 in the waste water and waste acid samples, and 4.74gkg−1 in the dicofol product. The total estimated daily intakes of ΣDDTs for workers by inhalation in the workplace were in the range of 0.38–3.51μgkg−1bwd−1 for moderate activities. The annual amounts of ΣDDTs and p,p′-DDT directly released to the environment via the use of dicofol were 9480kg and 1080kg, respectively. The PCDD/F toxicity equivalent values (I-TEQs) in the waste water and waste acid samples ranged from 1.5 to 122pg I-TEQkg−1 and 86.3ng I-TEQ kg−1 in the dicofol sample. The annual amount of PCDD/Fs released to the environment was 0.17g I-TEQ. From the PCDD/F distribution patterns, it is suggested that the major pathway for PCDD/F formation involves precursor synthesis during the production of dicofol in the closed-system process.