Abstract
Evaluation of Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) outcomes shows as of 2015, a deficit in the targeted goals for energy, water, and sanitation in sub-Saharan Africa. Although much progress has been made in some sectors more than others since 2000, much still remain to be done as we move forward with the 2030 agenda for sustainable development (SGDs). As such, with the aim of moving SDG goals 5 and 6 forward for Burkina Faso, this study uses data derived from the 2014 Burkina Faso Malaria Indicator Survey (MIS 2014) to investigate the impact of households' wealth on their joint decisions on cooking fuel, water and sanitation in the country. To this end, we first specify and estimate standard univariate probit models for each decision process, then we move to a fully parametric trivariate probit specification to relax the independence assumption between the three decisions, followed by a semi-parametric trivariate probit specification to further relax the linearity assumption in each of the three equations. The results suggest that the semi-parametric trivariate probit specification is better at capturing the true effects of wealth on households joint decisions on cooking fuel, water and sanitation in Burkina Faso. Furthermore, the marginal effects of wealth show positives but non linear and varying effects of wealth on the three household decisions, suggesting that wealth do create positive health and environmental consciousness as wealthier households present greater likelihoods of making relatively healthier and environmentally friendlier choices, in terms of their needs for cooking fuel, drinking water and sanitation. Although sanitation seems to be the lowest priority at relatively lower levels of wealth, at higher wealth levels it becomes the highest priority for households in Burkina Faso.
Published Version
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