The relative distances to the Virgo, Fornax and Coma clusters of galaxies through the Dn-σ and the Fundamental Plane relations

Abstract

We derive the relative distances to the Virgo, Fornax, and Coma clusters of galaxies by applying the Dn-sigma and the Fundamental Plane (FP) relations to the data of the homogeneous samples of early--type galaxies studied by Caon etal, Lucey etal, and Jorgensen etal. The two distance indicators give consistent results, the relative distance moduli to Fornax and Coma with respect to Virgo being Dmu(FV)=0.45+-0.15 and Dmu(CV)=3.55+-0.15) respectively. The formal error on D(m-M) may be as small as 0.07 mag (~3% in distance), provided that all the sources of bias are taken into account and a correct statistical approach is used. Much of the actual uncertainty in the relative distance of the clusters (12-15%), is due to the existence of systematic departures in the measurements of the velocity dispersions among the various datasets, and to the corrections for aperture effects. The above result for the Fornax cluster is supported by the L-sigma-mu relation and, with lesser accuracy, by the log(m)-log(re) relations. Our value of Dmu(FV) is in fair agreement with the one derived using planetary nebulae and SNe-Ia, while is in open contrast with that coming from surface brightness fluctuations, globular clusters luminosity function, and infrared Tully-Fisher relation. In our data Coma appears slightly nearer than indicated by the other distance indicators, but now a better agreement with the Tully-Fisher relation seems to exist. Finally we found that there aren't correlations of the residuals of the Dn-sigma with the effective surface brightness, the total luminosity of the galaxies, with the ellipticity and the shape parameter a4. Instead a correlation seems to exists with maximum Vrot, with (V/sigma) and with the exponent m of the r^1/m fit to major axis light of galaxies.