Abstract
BackgroundImmunomodulatory cytokines and systemic inflammatory markers are important during cancer development and progression. This study investigated the association and prognostic impact of systemic cytokine profiles and inflammatory markers in colorectal cancer (CRC).MethodsInterleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-9, IL-10, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) serum levels were measured using multiplex bead assays in CRC patients. Data on systemic inflammatory markers, such as the modified Glasgow prognostic score (mGPS), the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR), prognostic nutritional index (PNI) and fibrinogen, were collected. Survival analysis was performed to identify factors associated with progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS).ResultsThere were moderate-to-strong correlations within serum cytokines, as well as within systemic inflammatory markers, whereas the associations between serum cytokines and systemic inflammatory markers were generally weak. IL-8 and the LMR were independent significant prognostic factors for PFS and OS. The low IL-8 and high LMR group had the best survival (both PFS and OS) of all groups.ConclusionsSystemic cytokine profiles and inflammatory markers have relatively weak intergroup correlations. A composite classification of systemic cytokine profiles and inflammatory markers has an enhanced prognostic value in CRC.
Highlights
Immunomodulatory cytokines and systemic inflammatory markers are important during cancer development and progression
This study focused on the interrelationships and clinical impact of serum cytokine profiles and systemic inflammatory markers in colorectal cancer (CRC)
It was demonstrated that serum cytokines and systemic inflammatory markers in CRC have moderate-to-strong intragroup correlations but only relatively weak intergroup correlations
Summary
Immunomodulatory cytokines and systemic inflammatory markers are important during cancer development and progression. This study investigated the association and prognostic impact of systemic cytokine profiles and inflammatory markers in colorectal cancer (CRC). Tumour pathologic characteristics are associated with prognosis in colorectal cancer (CRC) These characteristics alone do not accurately predict the survival outcomes of patients. Tumourassociated inflammation can determine the prognosis of patients This type of inflammation is known to occur as a local immune response and as systemic inflammation.[1] As a part of the local immune response, the composition of tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes in the tumour microenvironment is correlated with prognosis in CRC.[2] As a part of systemic inflammation, circulating cytokines or systemic inflammatory markers have been suggested as prognostic markers in CRC.[3,4]
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