Abstract
Introduction: People who are living with HIV often experience physical as well as psychological challenges. Therefore, the aim of this descriptive, correlational study was to explore the potential mediating role of cognitive emotion regulation strategies in the relationships between early maladaptive schemas, quality of life, and self-care behavior in patients with HIV/AIDS. Methods: In the first half of 2017, patients with HIV/AIDS (N=240) were recruited from an HIV clinic in Tehran, Iran. A self-report questionnaire included the Young Schema Questionnaire-Short Form (YSQSF), Short Form Health Survey (SF-36), short form of Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ), and a self-care behaviors questionnaire. The data analysis involved using advanced statistical techniques for structural equation modeling. Results: There were significant, inverse relationships between all five areas of early maladaptive schemas and positive cognitive emotional regulation strategies, self-care behaviors, and quality of life. Also, there were significant, positive relationships between all five areas of early maladaptive schemas and negative cognitive and emotional regulation strategies. Conclusion: The findings suggest that practical interventions to reduce maladaptive responses may result in healthier outcomes for persons living with HIV.
Highlights
People who are living with HIV often experience physical as well as psychological challenges
The questionnaire was designed to measure 15 scales and 5 early cognitive maladaptive schemas domains, including 1) Disconnection/Rejection consisting of Emotional Deprivation (ED), Abandonment/Instability (AB), Mistrust/ Abuse (MA), Social Isolation/Alienation (SI), Defectiveness/ Shame (DS); 2) Impaired Autonomy/Performance consisting of Dependency/Incompetence (DI), Vulnerability to Harm or Illness, Enmeshment/undeveloped self (EU), Social Undesirability (SU), Failure; 3) Impaired Limits consisting of Entitlement/Grandiosity (ET), Insufficient Self-Control/SelfDiscipline (IS); 4) Other-Directedness consisting of Subjugation (SB), Self-Sacrifice, and 5) Overvigilance/ Inhibition consisting of Emotional Inhibition (EI), and Unrelenting Standards/Hypercriticalness (US)
Our findings showed that there was a correlation between emotion regulation strategies and the quality of life in people were living with HIV (PLWH); patients applied adaptive strategies and had a different point of view toward their disease, which can affect the quality of life
Summary
People who are living with HIV often experience physical as well as psychological challenges. The aim of this descriptive, correlational study was to explore the potential mediating role of cognitive emotion regulation strategies in the relationships between early maladaptive schemas, quality of life, and self-care behavior in patients with HIV/AIDS. Chronic diseases like HIV/AIDS need longterm treatment; PLWH have to adhere to and follow their clinical treatment [10]. Patients with HIV disease need to improve their self-care behaviors, including following a proper diet, taking medications regularly, doing exercise, adhering to the orders of physicians, avoiding stressful situations, and doing regular check-ups [11]. The absence of self-care behaviors may affect the condition of patients and quality of life and can lead to adverse outcomes of HIV/AIDS [12 - 14]
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