The relationship of shock-associated kilometric radio emission with metric type II bursts and energetic particles

Abstract

Shock-associated (SA) events are a class of kilometric wavelength solar radio bursts first observed with the ISEE-3 Radio Astronomy Experiment. Cane et al. /1/ noted that these fast drift events are typically associated with metric type II bursts and hypothesized that the SA events were due to electrons accelerated by coronal shocks. We compare SA events from 1978 to 1982 with metric type II bursts and solar energetic particle (SEP) events. Most metric type II bursts are not obviously associated with SA events at 1980 kHz. Metric type II bursts associated with magnetically well connected flares and SA emission are well correlated with SEP events; those without SA emission are poorly correlated with SEP events. The largest SEP events from flares at any longitude are well correlated with SAs. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that the escaping electrons giving rise to SA emission are accelerated in coronal shocks.