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Abstract
BackgroundIt has been suggested that trans fatty acids (TFAs) play an important role in cardiovascular diseases. We investigated the association between plasma TFAs and the dietary inflammatory index (DII) ™ in US adults.MethodsNational Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) participants with data on plasma TFAs measured from 1999 to 2010 were included. Energy-adjusted-DII ™ (E-DII ™) expressed per 1000 kcal was calculated from 24-h dietary recalls. All statistical analyses accounted for the survey design and sample weights.ResultsOf the 5446 eligible participants, 46.8% (n = 2550) were men. The mean age of the population was 47.1 years overall, 47.8 years for men and 46.5 years for women (p = 0.09). After adjustment for C-reactive protein, body-mass-index, smoking, race, age, education, and marital status in linear regressions, trans 9-hexadecenoic acid [β coefficient 0.068 (95% CI: 0.032 to 0.188)], trans 11-octadecenoic acid [β coefficient 0.143 (95% CI: 0.155 to 0.310)], trans 9-octadecenoic acid [β coefficient 0.122 (95% CI: 0.120 to 0.277)], trans 9, and trans 12-octadienoic acid [β coefficient 0.103 (95% CI: 0.090 to 0.247)] were positively associated with the DII (all p < 0.001).ConclusionThe association of plasma TFAs with a marker of dietary inflammation suggests an underlying mechanism in the initiation and progression of cardiovascular diseases.
Highlights
It has been suggested that trans fatty acids (TFAs) play an important role in cardiovascular diseases
Value expressed as a mean SEM.DII, dietary inflammatory index. In this population-based sample, we have evaluated the association between plasma TFA and the DII
We found a positive association between plasma TFA and DII scores, which remained significant even after adjusting for a range the potential confounding factors
Summary
It has been suggested that trans fatty acids (TFAs) play an important role in cardiovascular diseases. TFAs occur naturally in fat from ruminant animal meat, milk, and dairy fat and artificially in industrially hardened vegetable oils [1]. Increased dietary intake of TFAs is linked with incident cardiovascular disease (CVD), and Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) [3,4,5,6]. A recent observational study [7] and a short-term randomized trial [8] have indicated that TFAs intake increases systemic inflammation in generally healthy individuals. Because systemic inflammation is an independent risk factor for future CVD [9], these findings suggest a potential mechanism whereby TFAs may affect cardiovascular health. Recommendations from the American Heart Association have led 13 local governments to implement a TFA ban [10] and the Food and Drug Administration to require the TFAs content to be listed on the nutrition facts panel of foods and dietary supplements [10]
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