The Relationship of Kidney Function, Cardiovascular Morbidity, and All-Cause Mortality: a Prospective Primary Care Cohort Study

Abstract

BackgroundLower-than-normal estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) is associated with the risk for all-cause mortality and adverse cardiovascular events. In this regard, the role of higher-than-normal eGFR is still controversial.ObjectiveInvestigate long-term clinical consequences across the levels of eGFR calculated by the creatinine-based Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) equation among apparently healthy cardiovascular risk subjects.DesignProspective study.ParticipantsParticipants (n=1747) of a population-based screening and intervention program for cardiovascular risk factors in Finland during the years 2005–2007.Main MeasuresCardiovascular morbidity and all-cause mortality.Key ResultsOver the 14-year follow-up, subjects with eGFR ≥105 ml/min/1.73 m2 (n=97) had an increased risk for all-cause mortality [HR 2.15 (95% CI: 1.24–3.73)], incident peripheral artery disease [HR 2.62 (95% CI: 1.00–6.94)], and atrial fibrillation/flutter [HR 2.10 (95% CI: 1.21–3.65)] when compared to eGFR category 90–104 ml/min after adjustment for cardiovascular and lifestyle-related risk factors. The eGFR category ≥105 ml/min was also associated with a two-fold increased mortality rate compared to the Finnish general population.ConclusionsRenal hyperfiltration defined as eGFR ≥105 ml/min/1.73 m2 is a frequent and important finding in patients commonly treated in primary care. These patients should be followed closely for timely interventions, such as strict BP and blood glucose regulation.