The relationship of education and acculturation with vigorous intensity leisure time physical activity by gender in Latinos

Abstract

ABSTRACTObjectives: Latinos have poorer health outcomes among certain conditions (e.g. diabetes, obesity, mental health) compared to non-Latino Whites in the U.S., in part due to difference in the amount of physical activity, which are heavily influenced by sociocultural factors such as educational attainment and acculturation. Vigorous-intensity leisure time physical activity (VLTPA) may provide health benefits with a shorter amount of time than moderate-to-light physical activity. However, VLTPA has been significantly understudied compared to LTPA in general. The purpose of this study is to examine the associations between educational attainment, acculturation, and VLTPA by gender among Latino adults in the U.S.Design: Nationally representative samples of Latino adults aged 25 years and older (n = 4393) from the 2010 National Health Interview Survey were analyzed. VLTPA was measured as the number of hours per week of VLTPA consisting of heavy sweating or large increases in breathing and heart rate. Acculturation was measured as the degree to which the English language versus the Spanish language was spoken most often. The zero-inflated Poisson regression model was constructed using the full information maximum likelihood estimation and controlling for a series of sociodemographic characteristics and relevant health behaviors.Results: Educational attainment was positively associated with VLTPA among Latino adults [exp(b) = 1.09, p < 0.05)]. Similarly, greater acculturation was associated with greater hours/week of VLTPA [exp(b) = 1.10, p < 0.05)]. Lastly, the effect of educational attainment on VLTPA significantly varied by gender.Conclusions: Education had a positive association and acculturation had negative association with the hours/week of VLTPA among Latinos. Also, the association between education and VLTPA was significantly stronger among women than men. These findings inform culturally and socially sensitive approaches to improve the health of Latinos, in hopes to address health disparities by race/ethnicity the U.S.