Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between dietary pattern and genetic risk score (GRS) for dyslipidemia risk among Korean adults. Hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia defined as total cholesterol ≥240 mg/dL and triglyceride ≥200 mg/dL or use dyslipidemia medication. The GRS was calculated by summing the risk alleles of the selected seven single-nucleotide polymorphisms related to dyslipidemia. Dietary patterns were identified by principal component analysis based on the frequency of 36 food groups, “whole grain and soybean products” pattern, “meat, fish and vegetables” pattern, and “bread and noodle” pattern were identified. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using the multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression model. High intake of a “whole grain and soybean products” pattern decreased risks of hypercholesterolemia (HR: 0.82, 95% CI: 0.72–0.93, p for trend = 0.0006) and hypertriglyceridemia (HR: 0.85, 95% CI: 0.75–0.97, p for trend = 0.0344). In the highest tertile of GRS, the “whole grain and soybean products” pattern was inversely related to hypercholesterolemia risk. Therefore, for people with genotypes that can cause hypercholesterolemia, eating whole grains and soybean products may have a meaningful response, these results could be utilized for genome-based nutrition management.
Highlights
Dyslipidemia has been closely linked to the development of coronary artery disease (CAD)and is a modifiable risk factor using dietary therapy [1]
Three dietary patterns were identified from the factor analysis
The “whole grain and soybean products” pattern was characterized by high consumption of rice with grains and soybeans and soybean products whereas it had a negative loading for white rice and instant ramen
Summary
Dyslipidemia has been closely linked to the development of coronary artery disease (CAD). Is a modifiable risk factor using dietary therapy [1]. Several contributing factors including low physical activity, smoking, and unhealthy diet have been linked to dyslipidemia and subsequently cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Dietary pattern approach is widely used in nutrition epidemiology research rather than the conventional emphasis on individual foods, nutrients or dietary components analysis [4]. Dietary patterns are thought to be associated with CVD and dyslipidemia. Vegetarian dietary patterns have beneficial effects on CVD [5], and adherence to healthy eating patterns have been associated with a lower risk of developing CVD in three large prospective cohort studies [6].
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