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Abstract
Objective: Slow coronary flow (SCF) is characterized by angiographically normal coronary arteries with delayed opacification of the distal vasculature. The peak to the end of the electrocardiographic T wave (Tp-e) may correspond to the transmural dispersion of repolarization and that increased Tp-e interval and Tp-e/QT ratio are associated with ventricular arrhythmias. Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is a new inflammatory marker using for cardiovascular risk prediction. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between ventricular repolarization and inflammation in patients with SCF. Methods: Forty-six SCF patients and 44 controls were enrolled to the study. Coronary flow rates were measured by Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction frame count (TFC). Tp-e interval and Tp-e/QT ratio were measured from a 12-lead electrocardiogram, and Tp-e interval was corrected for heart rate (cTp-e). NLR was calculated as the ratio of neutrophil to lymphocyte count. These parameters were compared between groups. Results: Corrected Tp-e interval and Tp-e/QT ratio were significantly higher in SCF patients (94.5 ± 14.9 vs 88.1 ± 6.3 ms, 0.23 ± 0.03 vs 0.21 ± 0.02; P=0.009, and P=0.002, respectively). Also, NLR was increased in SCF patients (2.40 ± 0.9 vs 1.67 ± 0.5, P<0.001). The cTp-e was significantly correlated with mean TFC and NLR (r=0.50, p<0.001 and, r=0.37, p<0.001, respectively). Tp-e/QT ratio was significantly correlated with mean TFC and NLR (r=0.48, P<0.001 and r=0.28, P=0.006, respectively). Conclusion: Our study revealed that cTp-e interval and Tp-e/QT ratio were increased in SCF patients. These new electrocardiographic ventricular repolarization indexes were significantly correlated with the mean TFC and NLR.
Highlights
Slow coronary flow (SCF) is an angiographic finding characterized by delayed opacification of epicardial coronary arteries without obstructive coronary disease [1]
Corrected Tp-e interval and Tp-e/QT ratio were significantly higher in SCF patients (94.5 ± 14.9 vs 88.1 ± 6.3 ms, 0.23 ± 0.03 vs 0.21 ± 0.02; P=0.009, and P=0.002, respectively)
Our study revealed that corrected Tp-e interval (cTp-e) interval and Tp-e/QT ratio were increased in SCF patients
Summary
Slow coronary flow (SCF) is an angiographic finding characterized by delayed opacification of epicardial coronary arteries without obstructive coronary disease [1]. Microvascular dysfunction [1], endothelial dysfunction [2], small vessel disease [3], diffuse atherosclerosis [4], vasomotor dysfunction [5], and increased inflammatory [6] and thrombotic [7] activities are potential causes. The frequency of cardiovascular complications is increased in SCF patients. This includes impairment of left ventricular systolic and diastolic function [8], acute coronary syndromes [9], and sudden cardiac death due to malignant ventricular arrhythmias [10]. In these patients, increased sympathetic activity may cause
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