The Relationship between Training and Job Performance: A Systematic Review

Omar A Baakeel

doi:10.17485/ijst/2019/v12i18/144592

Abstract

Background/Objectives: Studies investigating the association or effect between training and job/employees’ performance that met the data extraction and quality assessment criteria are included in this review. Methods/Statistical Analysis: This study systematically reviews published studies to describe the association between training and job/employees’ performance, as well as their influence on each other. This involves systematically reviewing studies by searching different databases including the British Nursing Database, the Digital National Security Archive, ERIC, LISA, ProQuest Central and ProQuest Dissertation and Thesis. The search, completed in November 2018, looks for studies that include the following terms in their abstracts: “Training,” and “Job Performance,” or “Employees’ Performance.” Findings: The findings show that the correlation between training and job/employees’ performance are significant in ten of the studies included in this systematic review and only one study shows no association between training and job/employees’ performance. In addition, the studies show that training impacted job/employees’ performance while indicating that training was an independent variable and job/employees’ performance was a dependent variable in most of the studies. This review systematically collects and assesses studies to explore the relationship between training and job/employees’ performance. Improvements/Applications: Training is one of the essential elements in organizations’ performance. It enhances employees’ skills, knowledge and competencies, which in return increase the organization’s overall performance. Also, training is an important instrument for improving employees’ performance. Furthermore, this systematic review is the first of it is kind, up to the author’s knowledge, to explore the association between training and job/employees’ performance and it provides recommendations for training and human resource managers. Keywords: Employees’ Performance, Job Performance, Organization’s Performance, PRISMA, Systematic Review, Training

Highlights

Training is a major competitive advantage and employees keen to experience and benefit from training tends to stay at the forefront of their professional fields
According to the search done in this review, there has been no systematic review concerning the correlation between training and job performance
Ten studies demonstrated that the association between training and job/employees’ performance was significant and that training impacted the job/employees’ performance, while one study showed there was no correlation between training and job performance

Summary

Introduction

Training is a major competitive advantage and employees keen to experience and benefit from training tends to stay at the forefront of their professional fields. Several advantages are obtained through training, including job satisfaction, empowerment and commitment. Training programs are meant to upgrade and maintain the employee’s skills, knowledge and attitudes. Training needs assessments are conducted to investigate problems that employees encounter and to identify potential solutions. There are several definitions of job performance; according to, an assessment of job performance considers how well individuals complete their tasks inaccording to the standards. 6explained job performance as the employee’s effectiveness in completing the duties and responsibilities. Job performance is the combination of three elements engaging together to complete a task, which are: Skills, work conditions and effort. The employees’ performance can be assessed based on behaviour, attitude and results

Objectives

Methods

Results

Discussion

Conclusion