Abstract
ABSTRACT Background and purpose The predictive effect of blood cell ratio on ischemic event has been widely confirmed. Whether PWR and PNR can assess the risk of endovascular treatment (EVT) is largely unclear. This study aimed to investigate the prognostic value of PNR and PWR in acute ischemic stroke patients treated with EVT. Methods Poor functional outcome was defined as Modified Rankin Scale (mRS) of 3-6 at 3 months, Symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH) was diagnosed based on CT scan and classified according to the criterial of Heidelberg Bleeding Classification. Binary logistical regression was used to analyze the relationship of PWR, PNR with functional outcome and symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH). Results Patients with good prognosis had higher PNR and PWR value (29 vs. 24, P=0.002) (22 vs. 19, P=0.009), a lower rate of sICH (2.9% vs. 24.9%, P<0.001). In model 1, the lower PNR significantly associated with poor functional outcome (OR, 0.48; 95% CI 0.26-0.88; P=0.018), and sICH (OR, 0.42; 95% CI 0.19-0.91; P=0.028). The lower PWR only significantly associated with poor prognosis (OR, 0.97; 95% CI 0.94-1.00; P=0.038), and had a trend relation with sICH (OR, 0.98; 95% CI 0.94-1.02; P=0.328). In model 2 lower PNR still significantly associated with poor functional outcome (OR, 0.53; 95% CI 0.29-0.99; P=0.047), but showed a trend for predicting sICH (OR, 0.56; 95% CI 0.25-1.25; P=0.158). Conclusion Platelet to leukocyte ratio may be use to assess the risk of functional outcome and sICH in patients with acute anterior circulation occlusion stroke undergoing endovascular treatment in real world China.
Highlights
Single-cell nanoencapsulation is an emerging, nongenetic technique to create extended cell surface functionalities, provide external stimuli to enhance cell stability and activity, and incorporate new properties usually available only through genetic modification [1,2,3,4]
This change in the zeta potential from the initial negative value of −11.6 mV to the final negative value of −11 mV, through an intermediate positive value of +4.5 mV strongly indicates the internalization of protamine into the cytoplasm of cyanobacteria immediately after its self-assembly at the surface of cyanobacteria
We find that the percentage of live cyanobacteria is from 92% to 95% for yolk-shell encapsulation induced by protamine, 92% for a disordered shell encapsulation and only 68% for cell contacting shell encapsulation
Summary
Single-cell nanoencapsulation is an emerging, nongenetic technique to create extended cell surface functionalities, provide external stimuli to enhance cell stability and activity, and incorporate new properties usually available only through genetic modification [1,2,3,4]. Compared to multi-cell encapsulation [5], single-cell nanoencapsulation allows cell density control, cell behaviour monitoring, cell characterization on single-cell level and the control of cell localization. Such encapsulation method facilitates the mass and the light penetration from the exterior environment to encapsulated cells, avoids cell aggregation and decreases the amount of encapsulating materials. It allows the functionalization of external surface to confer new functionalities to the system, making it a promising tool for fundamental investigation on single-cell level and contributing to higher efficiency and cost-saving in applications. Colloidal packing is a common strategy for single-cell encapsulation through an adsorption–assembly–encapsulation sequence
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