Abstract
BackgroundPopulation-based investigations studying the association between snoring and left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) are lacking. Therefore, our study aims to investigate whether snoring is significantly associated with LVH, and to make clear the effect of varying degrees of snoring intensity on LVH.MethodsA total of 10,139 participants were involved in this cross-sectional study. Snoring status and snoring intensity were evaluated by a structured questionnaire. LVH was defined as left ventricular mass index ≥51 g/m2.7 for both men and women.ResultsThe total prevalence of LVH was 10.0 %. the prevalence increased significantly in snorers according to snoring intensity, including low (10.3 %), normal (13.1 %), strong (14.7 %) and very strong (16.7 %). After adjustment for age, race, gender, educational status, physical activity, annual income, current smoking status, current drinking status, sleep duration, hypertension, body mass index, waist circumference, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglyceride, total cholesterol and fasting plasma glucose, snoring (OR, 1.371; 95 % CI, 1.147–1.637, P < 0.001) was significantly associated with LVH. In addition, among the four kinds of intensity of snoring, normal (OR, 1.436; 95 % CI, 1.126–1.832, P = 0.004), strong (OR, 1.462; 95 % CI, 1.124–1.902, P < 0.001) and very strong (OR, 1.813; 95 % CI, 1.273–2.684, P < 0.001), rather than low (OR, 1.094; 95 % CI, 0.834–1.434, P = 0.518) were significantly associated with LVH.ConclusionsSnoring is independently associated with LVH. What’s more, with the rise in snoring intensity, snoring will exert an increasing effect on LVH.
Highlights
Population-based investigations studying the association between snoring and left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) are lacking
Baseline characteristics of participants between snorers and non-snorers A total of 10,139 participants were involved in this cross-sectional study. the prevalence of snoring was 42.2 % (n = 4275) and the prevalence of four kinds of snoring intensity including low, normal, strong and very strong was 13.9 % (n = 1412), 14.3 % (n = 1450), 10.4 % (n = 1059) and 3.5 % (n = 354) respectively (Fig. 1)
Echocardiographic characteristics of participants according to snoring status As the results showed in Table 2, compared with nonsnorers, snorers had significantly higher levels of LV internal dimensions (LVID), interventricular septal thickness (IVST), posterior wall thickness (PWT), left atrial dimension (LAD), left ventricular mass, left ventricular mass index and prevalence of left ventricular hypertrophy, and lower levels of early/late diastolic peak flow velocity (E/A)
Summary
Population-based investigations studying the association between snoring and left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) are lacking. Our study aims to investigate whether snoring is significantly associated with LVH, and to make clear the effect of varying degrees of snoring intensity on LVH. Studies have verified that snoring is closely linked to metabolic syndrome [7, 8] which has always been considered as an Having been long considered as an important risk factor of CVD [13, 14], left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is closely linked to myocardial infarction, stroke and arrhythmia [15]. Our study intend to ascertain whether snoring is significantly associated with LVH, and to make clear the the effect of varying degrees of snoring intensity on LVH
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