Abstract
BackgroundLate sleep onset time (SOT) is a common social phenomenon in modern society, and it was associated with a higher risk of obesity. However, the literature gap exists about the SOT and cardiometabolic biomarkers which closely associated with obesity. The present study aimed to explore the association of SOT with cardiometabolic biomarkers in Chinese communities.MethodsA cross-sectional study enrolled a total of 2418 participants was conducted in Ningxia province of China. The cardiometabolic biomarkers included triglyceride, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein and fasting plasma glucose were measured quantitatively using the standard method. The SOT and sleep duration were acquired by a self-report questionnaire. The multiple mixed-effect linear regression model was employed to examine the association.ResultsBinary analysis found an inverse association of SOT with high-density lipoprotein (β = − 0.05, 95%CI: − 0.06, − 0.03), with 1 h delayed in SOT the high-density lipoprotein decreased 0.05 mmol/L. After controlling for demographic variables, health-related behaviors, and physical health covariates, late SOT was associated with a higher level of triglyceride (β = 0.12, 95%CI: 0.06, 0.18), a higher level of low-density lipoprotein (β = 0.06, 95% CI: 0.02, 0.09), and a lower level of high-density lipoprotein (β = − 0.05, 95% CI: − 0.06, − 0.03). when stratified by sleep duration (less than eight hours vs. eight and longer hours), a positive association between SOT and LDL (β = 0.08, 95% CI: 0.04, 0.12) was found among participants with sleep duration eight hours and longer.ConclusionLate sleep onset time with the negative effect on the cardiometabolic biomarkers, and individuals with late SOT coupled with longer sleep duration may take risk of a higher level of low-density lipoprotein which in turn lead to increase the risk of cardiovascular disease.
Highlights
Late sleep onset time (SOT) is a common social phenomenon in modern society, and it was associated with a higher risk of obesity
Participants living in the rural area had longer sleep duration, earlier SOT, higher level of total cholesterol (TC), lower level of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and lower level of fasting plasma glucose (FPG) than those living in the urban area
Model 1: sleep onset time + demographic characteristics; Model 2: Model 1 + health-related behaviors; Model 3: Model 2 + physical health; # The model does not include diabetes mellitus; **:P < 0.01; β: β: beta coefficient; 95%CI: 95% confident interval; high-density lipoprotein (HDL) High-density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL lowdensity lipoprotein cholesterol, FPG fasting plasma glucose, All the β are for sleep onset time well as LDL (β = 0.09, p < 0.01) was found among males instead of females
Summary
Late sleep onset time (SOT) is a common social phenomenon in modern society, and it was associated with a higher risk of obesity. Studies have reported that short sleep duration associated with an increased risk of obesity [10,11,12,13]. Many studies have reported that late SOT associated with a higher risk of obesity [14,15,16,17]. Late SOT usually results in short sleep duration [19], studies have found that short sleep duration associated with weight gain via hormonal responses involving reciprocal changes in leptin and ghrelin levels, leading to reduced energy expenditure and increased appetite and energy intake [20, 21]
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