Abstract
Background and objectives: Renalase, a novel amine oxidase, is involved in the development of hypertension. Sleep bruxism (SB) is a sleep-related behavior characterized by rhythmic or non-rhythmic activity of the masticatory muscles, which leads to the mechanical wear of teeth, pain in the masticatory muscles, and disturbed sleep. Recent studies indicate that SB plays a role in increased blood pressure. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the relationship between sleep bruxism intensity and renalase concentration, which may help in the future to elucidate the pathogenesis of hypertension and other cardiovascular disorders. Material and methods: SB was evaluated in 87 adult patients using single-night diagnostic polysomnography with video and audio recordings, and the episodes of bruxism were scored according to the standards of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine. The levels of serum renalase were measured in the patients using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. Results: SB (Bruxism Episode Index (BEI) ≥2) was diagnosed in 54% (n = 47) of the studied population, and the mean concentration of renalase was found to be decreased in the hypertensive group compared with the normotensive group (133.33 ± 160.71 vs 219.23 ± 220.58, p = 0.047). In addition, a linear negative correlation was observed between the renalase concentration and the body mass index (BMI) in the SB group (r = 0.38, p < 0.05) but not in controls. Thus, higher BEI and higher BMI were identified as factors independently associated with the lower concentration of renalase, but only in the group of patients which had a blood renalase concentration of >212.5 ng/mL. Conclusion: There exists an association between renalase concentration and SB intensity, and further studies are needed to clarify the role of renalase in the pathogenesis of hypertension and other cardiovascular disorders.
Highlights
Renalase, a novel amine oxidase, plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of human diseases
We aimed to assess the relationship between sleep bruxism intensity and renalase concentration, which may help in the future to elucidate the pathogenesis of hypertension and other cardiovascular disorders
We found a correlation between renalase concentration and the duration of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep in severe sleep bruxers (BEI > 4)
Summary
A novel amine oxidase, plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of human diseases. This enzyme degrades circulating catecholamines and can be detected in the kidneys, heart, skeletal muscles, small intestine, brain, and peripheral nervous system. Catecholamines are involved in the activation of the sympathetic nervous system and in the development of arterial hypertension, and renalase indirectly regulates blood pressure by degrading these substrates. It was proposed that renalase regulates blood pressure either by downregulating the activity of the sympathetic nervous system or by degrading renal dopamine [4]. This study aimed to determine the relationship between sleep bruxism intensity and renalase concentration, which may help in the future to elucidate the pathogenesis of hypertension and other cardiovascular disorders. Results: SB (Bruxism Episode Index (BEI) ≥2) was diagnosed in 54%
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