Abstract
Higher order thinking skills (HOTS) are one of the skills that is emphasized in the 21st century learning environment. Students with high ability in thinking skills will be able to compete and gain a place in the global market. Self-efficacy is one of the elements that can be a catalyst for the achievement of HOTS among students. Therefore, this study was conducted with the main purpose to examine the relationship between students’ self-efficacy and HOTS. In addition, this study was also conducted to identify the level of HOTS and self-efficacy among Accounting students. This study uses questionnaires and achievement tests as instruments to collect data. A total of 467 Form Four Accounting students were selected as the study sample using proportional stratified random sampling techniques. The Generalized Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES) instrument is used to measure students' self-efficacy. Meanwhile, the students’ HOTS achievement is measured based on the total score obtained in the administered achievement test. Data were analyzed by descriptive and inferential using correlation analysis using IBM SPSS version 23. The findings of the study indicated that there is a significant positive relationship between students’ self-efficacy and HOTS. The findings also show that the level of students’ self-efficacy and HOTS is at a moderate level. Hence, when the level of self-efficacy of students increases, then the level of HOTS also will increase. The implication, teachers need to give emphasis to increase students' self-efficacy and thus increase HOTS in the teaching and learning process.
Highlights
Higher order thinking skills (HOTS) are one of the important skills in dealing with the demands and challenges of the 21st century (Ichsan, Sigit & Miarsyah, 2019; Mustika, Nurkamto & Suparno, 2020; Wijers & de Haan, 2020)
The findings show that the level of students’ self-efficacy and HOTS is at a moderate level
Self-Efficacy Level among Accounting Students The results of the analysis showed that the majority of 284 students (60.8%) stated that their level of self-efficacy against HOTS is at a moderate level, followed by 131 students (28.1%) stated that the level of self-efficacy is at a high level and only 52 people (11.1 %) who stated their level of self-efficacy was low
Summary
Higher order thinking skills (HOTS) are one of the important skills in dealing with the demands and challenges of the 21st century (Ichsan, Sigit & Miarsyah, 2019; Mustika, Nurkamto & Suparno, 2020; Wijers & de Haan, 2020). In 2017, Malaysia Education Ministry introduced a new curriculum, namely the Primary School Standard Curriculum (KSSR) and the Secondary School Standard Curriculum (KSSM) to replace the previous curriculum Changes in this curriculum have shown that the elements of HOTS continue to be given more serious emphasis. Cognitive skills are needed and learning that takes place in the classroom should not be memorized and theoretical (Othman, Aris, Mohammed, Zaid & Abdullah, 2014) Through this new curriculum, students should be able to be trained to use thinking skills that is able to think critically and creatively to solve problems faced and make their own decisions wisely and not depend on others
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