Abstract
ObjectiveObesity is associated with a high risk of insulin resistance (IR) and its metabolic complications. It is still debated that distributions of adipose tissue relate to an excess risk of IR and chronic inflammation in different race. This study was designed to examine the relation between insulin sensitivity, chronic inflammation and central fat distribution in non-diabetic volunteers in Taiwanese.MethodsThere were 328 volunteers without family history of diabetes mellitus and with normal oral glucose tolerance test enrolled. Total body fat and abdominal fat were measured. Abdominal fat was categorized into intraperitoneal (IP), retroperitoneal (RP) and subcutaneous (SC) fat. The IR index was estimated by homeostatic model assessment. Five inflammatory markers: adiponectin, leptin, tumor necrosing factor-α (TNF-α), resistin and high sensitive CRP (hs-CRP) were measured.ResultsIR was related to IP fat (r = 0.23, p < 0.001), but not RP fat, SC fat or total body fat. After correcting for age and sex, IP fat was the only significant predictor of IR (r2 = 58%, p = 0.001). Leptin showed the strongest relationship with all fat compartments (IP fat: r = 0.44, p = 0.001; RP fat: r = 0.36, p = 0.005, SC fat: r = 0.54, p < 0.001; total body fat: r = 0.61, p < 0.001). The hs-CRP and adiponectin were closely related both to IP (r = 0.29, p = 0.004; r = -0.20, p = 0.046, respectively) and total body fat (r = 0.29, p = 0.004; r = -0.29, p = 0.005, respectively), but not RP, or SC fat. TNF-α and resistin were not correlated to any fat compartment. After correcting for age and sex, leptin variance was mostly explained by SC fat (41.3%), followed by IP fat (33.6%) and RP fat (25.3%). The hs-CRP and adiponectin variance were mostly explained by IP fat (40% and 49% respectively).ConclusionsIP fat is better predictors of IR and subclinical chronic inflammation in Taiwanese adults. A disproportionate accumulation of abdominal fat is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular diseases.
Highlights
The prevalence of obesity and overweight are still increasing globally
Relation between fat compartments and insulin resistance The IP fat compartment was significantly related to homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) IR (r = 0.23, p < 0.00, Figure 2A)
Stepwise regression analysis showed that the IP fat compartment was the only significant predictor of insulin resistance (r2 = 58%, p = 0.001)
Summary
The prevalence of obesity and overweight are still increasing globally. How the regional distribution of abdominal adipose tissue affects this adipokines is still controversial in different race. Most studies verified visceral area fat ( known as intra-abdominal fat) is strongly associated with insulin resistance but seldom analyze the fat distribution in the abdomen. Presence of brown adipose tissue, a metabolically highly active organ with increased thermogenic activity, in RP fat is always neglected. As for subcutaneous fat, the correlation to insulin resistance is still debated [8,9,10,11]. These inconsistent results are likely because of marked differences in ethnicity of the cohorts studied
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