The relationship between prolactin levels, sleep disorders and the effectiveness of glycaemia correction in patients with hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus

Abstract

Objective — to assess sleep disorders in patients with hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus and to establish the role of prolactin in the formation of these changes.Materials and methods. The study included 63 patients with hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus. All patients were evaluated for sleep disorders using the Epworth Daytime Sleepiness Scale and the International Classification of Sleep Disorders Scale (International Academy of Sleep Disorders, Issue 3, 2014). The levels of plasma lipids, blood glucose level, glycosylated hemoglobin as well as anthropometric parameters were measured in all patients. Prolactin was determined using immunosorbent analysis using fixed enzymes (principle conjugated by ELISA peroxidase) on an Immunochem-2100 analyzer.Results and discussion. Patients were divided into four groups depending on the prolactin level according to quartiles. Group 1 included 14 patients, with prolactin levels from 97.1 to 211.5; group 2 included 18 patients with prolactin levels from 221.6 to 271.2; group 3 included 19 patients with prolactin levels from 271.3 to 422.8, and group 4 consisted of 11 patients with prolactin levels of 422.9—563.5. It has been established that patients with low prolactin level (groups I—II) were more likely to experience early awakenings in comparison with patients with high level of prolactin (groups III—IV). Patients with low prolactin level had significantly higher Epworth score. The strong inverse correlation has been found between prolactin levels and metformin dose (Pearson correlation coefficient –0.427, p = 0.001).Conclusions. Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and sleep disorders (high score on the Epworth scale and early awakenings) had significantly lower prolactin levels than patients without sleep disorders.