The relationship between postpartum pain and mother-infant bonding: A prospective observational study

Abstract

IntroductionPostpartum pain is associated with impaired maternal recovery and may influence mother-infant bonding. MethodsParticipants who underwent a vaginal or cesarean delivery were assessed 24 h postpartum. Postpartum pain intensity was measured using the Verbal Numeric Score (VNS) (0−10) and classified as non-severe (<8) or severe pain (≥8). Maternal-infant bonding was evaluated using the Post-Partum Bonding Questionnaire (PBQ; 0–125), with a score > 5 defining impaired bonding. Demographic data included age, BMI, parity, education level, economic status, partnership, prior history of depression, familial history of depression, desire to breastfeed, epidural analgesia during labor, rooming in, and Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). Data were analyzed using 2 separate multivariable logistic regression models for vaginal and cesarean deliveries, where maximum postpartum pain was the independent variable and impaired postpartum bonding was the dependent variable and controlled for the other factors collected. ResultsSevere postpartum pain (VNS ≥ 8) showed no significant relationship with impaired bonding when controlling for confounding variables. In vaginal deliveries, there was an association between a history of depression and impaired bonding (Odds Ratio 2.2 [1.07–4.65], p = 0.04) and EPDS > 10 and impaired bonding (OR 11.5 [3.2–73.6], p < 0.001). For cesarean deliveries, rooming in with the baby had a protective effect (OR 11.5 [3.2–73.6], p < 0.001). ConclusionsContrary to expectations, severe postpartum pain did not influence maternal-infant binding in the cohort of patients with vaginal and cesarean deliveries. Instead, factors such as maternal mental health and rooming-in practices appeared to exert more significant influence. Clinical trial registrationNCT05206552.