Abstract
Objectives: Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is the principal air pollutant and poses a serious threat to public health. This study explored the effects of PM2.5 on the action spectrum of ultraviolet radiation for vitamin D production (UVvitD) received by manikin surfaces. Methods: Multi-inclination angle ultraviolet radiation monitoring was conducted with different concentrations of PM2.5. Combining monitoring data with the PM2.5 concentration, solar elevation angle (SEA), and inclination angle, a UVvitD exposure model for human body multi-inclined surfaces was constructed through a multiple linear regression analysis. A 3D manikin model was used to examine the PM2.5 effects on UVvitD received by the manikin surface. Results: When PM2.5 concentrations ranged from $35~\mu \text{g}/\text{m}^{3}$ to $100~\mu \text{g}/\text{m}^{3}$ (average concentration of PM2.5 in this range: $62~\mu \text{g}/\text{m}^{3})$ , the UVvitD received by the whole body was reduced by approximately 8.45% to 19.82% compared with the UVvitD received when PM2.5 concentrations ranged from $6~\mu \text{g}/\text{m}^{3}$ to $35~\mu \text{g}/\text{m}^{3}$ (average concentration of PM2.5 in this range: $17~\mu \text{g}/\text{m}^{3})$ with SEAs between 30° and 50°. Moreover, the UVvitD dose was reduced by 11.82% in the above comparisons. When further comparing PM2.5 concentrations from $100~\mu \text{g}/\text{m}^{3}$ to $161~\mu \text{g}/\text{m}^{3}$ (average concentration of PM2.5 in this range: $132~\mu \text{g}/\text{m}^{3})$ with those from $6~\mu \text{g}/\text{m}^{3}$ to $35~\mu \text{g}/\text{m}^{3}$ (average concentration of PM2.5 in this range: $17~\mu \text{g}/\text{m}^{3})$ , the UVvitD received by the whole body was reduced by approximately 21.6% to 50.64% at SEAs between 30° and 50°. The UVvitD dose was reduced by 30.2%. Conclusions: The occurrence of PM2.5 obviously reduced the UVvitD received by the manikin surface.
Highlights
Vitamin D insufficiency or deficiency is observed in humans globally [1], [2], and it has been estimated that nearly 1 billion individuals have vitamin D insufficiency or deficiency [3], [4]
To the best of our knowledge, this is the first analysis of the associations between PM2.5 and the ultraviolet radiation for vitamin D production (UVvitD) intensity received by manikin surfaces based on a homemade multiangle UV monitoring model and 3D manikin model
These results showed that the UVvitD intensity received by the manikin surface decreased with increasing PM2.5 concentrations
Summary
Vitamin D insufficiency or deficiency is observed in humans globally [1], [2], and it has been estimated that nearly 1 billion individuals have vitamin D insufficiency or deficiency [3], [4]. Vitamin D deficiency makes these high-risk individuals more prone to various diseases, such as rickets, pregnancy complications, and osteoporosis [11]–[13]. It is well documented that 90% of vitamin D required by the human body is synthesized by ultraviolet radiation [21], [22]. Some studies have indicated that air pollution could reduce the ultraviolet radiation intensity [23], which results in a negative effect on vitamin D synthesis [24], [25]
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
