The relationship between pir and murid in sufism

Abstract

The article describes the development of the theoretical foundations of mysticism at the beginning of the IX century the formation of practical, spiritual and psychological exercises of the Sufis, the methods of self-education and tempering, the emergence of sects with their own clear rules and hierarchical structure in the XII century. Sufism, which at first seemed to be the personal spiritual life of the Sufis, gradually became a socio-social state. Until the end of the X century, the relationship between teacher and student was informal, and the students, who made the idea of spiritual purification and attainment of God the main idea, sought to learn from several master-sheikhs at the same time. From the XI century onwards, however, the relationship between teacher and student became more serious, the distance between them increased, and the demands on the student intensified.