Abstract
Background and Objectives: The diagnosis of psychosis is a challenge for the scientific community, both in terms of its definition and treatment. Some recent studies have investigated the relationship between personality and psychosis onset to prevent or intervene early. Materials and Methods: Sixty young adults were recruited during their first access in 2019 near the Community Mental Health Service of Niguarda Hospital, Milan, Italy. The assessment included the Social and Occupational Functioning Assessment Scale (SOFAS), the Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) (clinician scales), the 16-item Version of the Prodromal Questionnaire (PQ-16), the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5) (self-report), and a clinical session. Statistical analysis was performed by SPSS. Results: The results show a negative correlation between the Detachment domain and the GAF scores. Correlational analysis also highlights that all PID-5 domains, except for Antagonism, have positive correlations with high scores in the PQ-16. The multivariate analysis of variance showed that patients diagnosed with versus without a psychotic disorder significantly differed on Detachment, Antagonism and Psychoticism PID-5 domains. Conclusions: The involvement of the personality construct in psychopathological development is displayed. In particular, higher levels of Detachment and Psychoticism can distinguish people who are more vulnerable to psychosis or who already have overt psychosis from those who do not have a psychotic predisposition. The study highlights the fundamental role of personality traits, emerging from PID-5, to distinguish young adults at risk of onset.
Highlights
Intervention in mental health, initially born to respond quickly to the care needs of the first psychotic episode, has expanded by developing criteria, assessment tools and self-report screening including the Prodromal Questionnaire (PQ) [1] for the identification of subjects at high risk of psychosis.Criteria had to be developed for “at risk state mental state” (ARMS)
The multivariate analysis of variance showed that patients diagnosed with versus without a psychotic disorder significantly differed on Detachment, Antagonism and Psychoticism Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5) domains
We analyzed the relationship of clinically significant personality traits with functioning, assessed by the Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF), and possible transitions to psychosis in Ultra High-Risk (UHR) individuals
Summary
Intervention in mental health, initially born to respond quickly to the care needs of the first psychotic episode, has expanded by developing criteria, assessment tools and self-report screening including the Prodromal Questionnaire (PQ) [1] for the identification of subjects at high risk of psychosis. Criteria had to be developed for “at risk state mental state” (ARMS). In 1994, the Personal Assessment and Crisis Evaluation (PACE) Clinic in Melbourne (Australia) started to develop the Ultra High-Risk (UHR) approach. This approach is based on identifying risk factors, trait or state factors, to be associated with an increased risk of psychosis disorders within a year. The aim is to identify symptoms that are often seen before the onset of psychosis and focus on the age range (15–25 years) with the highest incidence of onset of psychotic disorders [2]
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