The relationship between particulate air pollution and emergency hospital visits for hypertension in Beijing, China

Abstract

Background A number of epidemiological studies have examined the adverse effect of air pollution on mortality and morbidity. Also, several studies have investigated the associations between air pollution and specific-cause diseases including arrhythmia, myocardial infarction, and heart failure. However, little is known about the relationship between air pollution and the onset of hypertension. Objective To explore the risk effect of particulate matter air pollution on the emergency hospital visits (EHVs) for hypertension in Beijing, China. Methods We gathered data on daily EHVs for hypertension, fine particulate matter less than 2.5 μm in aerodynamic diameter (PM 2.5), particulate matter less than 10 μm in aerodynamic diameter (PM 10), sulfur dioxide, and nitrogen dioxide in Beijing, China during 2007. A time-stratified case-crossover design with distributed lag model was used to evaluate associations between ambient air pollutants and hypertension. Daily mean temperature and relative humidity were controlled in all models. Results There were 1,491 EHVs for hypertension during the study period. In single pollutant models, an increase in 10 μg/m 3 in PM 2.5 and PM 10 was associated with EHVs for hypertension with odds ratios (overall effect of five days) of 1.084 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.028, 1.139) and 1.060% (95% CI: 1.020, 1.101), respectively. Conclusion Elevated levels of ambient particulate matters are associated with an increase in EHVs for hypertension in Beijing, China.