Abstract
BackgroundNonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), an emerging multisystem disease, has the similar pathogenesis with diabetes and is prevalent in diabetes. This study investigated whether NAFLD is associated with retinopathy in individuals with diabetes and without diabetes.MethodsThe association between NAFLD and retinopathy was investigated in 5963 participants aged 40 years and older who participated in the NHANES III, a nationally representative, population-based and cross-sectional study. NAFLD was detected via ultrasonography, and fundus photographs were obtained to grade retinopathy patterns. We performed multivariate logistic regression analysis to investigate the relationship between the presence of retinopathy and NAFLD and diabetes.ResultsAfter adjusting for multiple covariates, NAFLD population had no evidence of retinopathy increase in population without diabetes (odds ratio [OR]: 0.77; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.48 to 1.26). In addition, NAFLD in individuals with diabetes was not significantly associated with retinopathy (OR: 0.77; 95% CI: 0.47 to 1.26), independent of age, gender, ethnicity, waist circumference, serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, serum triglycerides, systolic blood pressure, and glycated hemoglobin.ConclusionsIn the US general population, NAFLD is not a precipitating factor of retinopathy in population with or without diabetes.
Highlights
Retinopathy is a type of retinal microvasculature disease and a well-known complication of diabetes and hypertension[1]
This study investigated whether nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with retinopathy in individuals with diabetes and without diabetes
After adjusting for multiple covariates, NAFLD population had no evidence of retinopathy increase in population without diabetes
Summary
Retinopathy is a type of retinal microvasculature disease and a well-known complication of diabetes and hypertension[1]. Several reports have shown that nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has the similar epidemiological and pathophysiological features with type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome[5,6,7]. Increasing evidence has demonstrated that NAFLD is associated with an increased prevalence of micro- and macrovascular complications in person with diabetes[8]. There is scarce evidence regarding whether NAFLD is associated with retinopathy in individuals without diabetes. This study aimed to explore the association between NAFLD and retinopathy in individuals with or without diabetes using the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III). Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), an emerging multisystem disease, has the similar pathogenesis with diabetes and is prevalent in diabetes. This study investigated whether NAFLD is associated with retinopathy in individuals with diabetes and without diabetes
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