Abstract
Purpose: The prevalence of myopia in school-age children and rural area in Taiwan has increased dramatically. The aim of this study was to explore the associated factors of myopia in rural ado-lescents. Methods: A cross sectional design with a rural junior high student was invited to partici-pate in this study. The relationship between refraction error (RE), spectacle fitting condition, and ocular alignment was determined by stereoacuity. The RE was determined using autorefractor. The ocular alignment was evaluated by cover-uncover test. Stereoacuity was measured by Titmus test. The examination about spectacle fitting included the lens power, lens transparency, pupil distance, frame size, and distortion of the frame. Multiple linear regression was used to determine the effect of the spectacle suitability and ocular alignment on the RE and stereoacuity. Results: The prevalence of myopia was 78% in a total of 338 adolescents, and the incidence of high myopia (≤-6 Diopter, D) accounted for 10.2%. Participant worn poor-fitting spectacles were found with more myopia (-3.95D vs -3.42D, p = 0.02). The exophoria or exotropia significantly increased RE (p < 0.01). The eye position was significantly associated with decreased steroacuity function (p = 0.03). Head position demonstrated to have a significant relationship with stereoacuity (p = 0.03). Conclusions: Good-fitting spectacles provided a good visual function and were associated with less RE condition. Exotrope showed a significant correlation with myopia and stereoacuity. The health care providers should be aware of the ocular alignment in myopic suffers.
Highlights
The prevalence of myopia in Asian school-age children has increased dramatically over the past few decades, and myopia is one of the most common ocular disorders in Asia [1]-[4]
Even though literature has suggested that myopia is a genetic disease [6] [7], some environmental factors might result in myopia progression, such as inappropriate fitting of spectacles and life style [8] [9]
Mailiao junior high school is located in the rural area of Taiwan; the prevalence of myopia was as high as 78%
Summary
The prevalence of myopia in Asian school-age children has increased dramatically over the past few decades, and myopia is one of the most common ocular disorders in Asia [1]-[4]. In the areas of Hong Kong, Taiwan, and Singapore, the prevalence of myopia ranges from 45% to 81% in Chinese children [10]-[13], while 20% in United States [14] and 36.8% in Greece [15]. Despite the Chinese population having both higher prevalence in myopia and exotropes, it remained unclear whether the ocular alignment was associated with the refractive error. The purpose of the current study was to investigate the effect of spectacle suitability, ocular alignment, head position on the refractive error condition and the stereoacuity among adolescents in rural southern Taiwan
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