Abstract
We observationally deduce the inductive electric field in the photosphere for the first time from the horizontal velocities computed by local correlation tracking (LCT) technique and the vector magnetic fields derived from vector magnetograms. We study the relationship between E and powerful flares (X-class) of four active regions (ARs): NOAA 10720, 10486, 9077 and 8100. It is found that the kernels of flares are roughly located near the inversion lines where maxima of E are observed. Our results show that E relates to the accumulation of non-potentiality in the photosphere and the transportation of non-potentiality from the photosphere to the corona.
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