Abstract
Existing methods of predicting entrainment from gas-fluidized beds, based exclusively on hydrodynamic variables and mechanisms, show extremely wide discrepancies in predictions and no correlation that can accurately predict entrainment. Based on simultaneous measurement of electrostatic charges in the freeboard region and entrainment, it is shown that inter-particle electrostatic forces on relatively fine particles can be of the same order as the gravity force that must be overcome for entrainment to occur. Moreover, incorporation of a term for inter-particle electrostatic force leads to substantial improvement in the ability to successfully correlate the entrainment flux. These results show that it is essential to consider electrostatic forces when predicting entrainment of fines from many gas-fluidized beds.
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