Abstract
High blood glucose level (hyperglycemia) is a leading indicator of diabetes mellitus (DM). Erythrocytes are the most abundant cells in the circulation and the first to perceive changes in plasma composition. Long-lasting hyperglycemia affects the structure and function of erythrocytes. The detection of erythrocyte-related indicators can provide a valuable reference for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of DM and its complications. This paper reviews the normal structure and function of erythrocytes, the changes in erythrocytes in patients with diabetes, and the role of erythrocytes in the development of diabetic complications to provide more indicators for the early prevention of DM complications and to monitor the therapeutic effect of DM.
Highlights
Diabetes mellitus (DM) describes a group of metabolic disorders characterized by hyperglycemia and defects in insulin secretion and/or insulin action
Chronic hyperglycemia in patients with diabetes is associated with long-term damage and dysfunction of different organs, the eyes, kidneys, nerves, heart, and blood vessels [1], which eventually results in various diabetic complications
Which changes occur in erythrocytes, and what is the relationship between these changes and the progression of diabetes? What significance do these changes have on the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of diabetes? This review aims to elaborate on the changes observed in erythrocyte in diabetic patients, the importance of erythrocytes in the development of diabetes complications, and the application of erythrocyte-related indicators to monitor disease progression and prevent complications
Summary
Diabetes mellitus (DM) describes a group of metabolic disorders characterized by hyperglycemia and defects in insulin secretion and/or insulin action. Chronic hyperglycemia in patients with diabetes is associated with long-term damage and dysfunction of different organs, the eyes, kidneys, nerves, heart, and blood vessels [1], which eventually results in various diabetic complications. These complications increase the risk of morbidity and mortality [2] and reduce the quality of life of patients. Erythrocytes are the most abundant cells in the blood Their flexibility allows them to pass through capillaries freely, transporting oxygen to tissues and delivering carbon dioxide to the lungs. The destruction and generation of human erythrocytes help maintain a dynamic balance and maintain a stable erythrocyte number [11, 12]
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