The relationship between diet and lifestyle behaviours in a sample of higher education students; a cross-sectional study

Abstract

Transitioning into higher education (HE) impacts health behaviours. Poor dietary and lifestyle behaviours may correlate and increase risk of co-morbidities. The introduction of the Okanagan Charter detailed the important role of health promotion within a HE setting. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between dietary quality and lifestyle behaviours of students attending HE. Full-time students, aged 18+, were eligible to participate in this online cross-sectional study. Self-reported questions were asked in relation to demographics, body mass index (BMI), smoking, and COVID-19. A food frequency questionnaire measured dietary quality along with tools assessing alcohol use, sleep quality, perceived stress, and physical activity. Statistical analyses were performed using chi-square, one-way ANOVA, independent sample t-tests, Pearson's correlation, and multivariate linear regression. Evidence of a correlation between poor diet quality and having a higher BMI (p=0.040), higher alcohol consumption (p=<0.001), poorer sleep quality (p=0.003), higher stress levels (p=0.006) and smoking (p=0.001) was found. Low fruit and vegetable consumption were associated with higher BMI (p=0.013), higher alcohol consumption (p=<0.001), lower physical activity levels (p=0.006), higher stress levels (p=<0.001), smoking (p=<0.001) and being male (p=0.002). This study provides data on the association between dietary quality and lifestyle behaviours among HE students and will inform healthy campus initiatives.