Abstract
The fracture risks are increased in patients with lifestyle-related diseases such as diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia. Bone has been recognized as an endocrine organ to regulate glucose and fat metabolism. Hyperglycemia, advanced glycation end products (AGEs) , and insulin signal are involved in diabetes-related bone disease. Previous studies suggest that hypercholesterolemia may increase the risk of fractures. Adipokines such as leptin and adiponectin derived from fat tissue, which are important regulators for glucose and lipid metabolism, regulate bone metabolism. On the other hand, it has been revealed that osteocalcin, which is secreted from bone tissue into the circulation, has a hormonal function in glucose and fat metabolism.
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