The relationship between bile acids levels and the prognosis of patients with diabetes on maintenance hemodialysis: a retrospective study

Abstract

Objective There is a paucity of research on the association between bile acids (BAs) levels and all-cause death in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) on maintenance hemodialysis (MHD). This study aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics of patients with DM on MHD according to different BAs levels and their impact on prognosis. Methods A retrospective cohort of 1,081 patients on hemodialysis at Xindu People’s Hospital and the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College were enrolled. Demographic and clinical characteristics were collected. The relationship between BAs and all-cause death risk was fitted using restricted cubic splines (RCS), and the BAs cutoff value was calculated. Patients were divided into low and high BAs groups based on the cutoff value. The primary endpoint was all-cause death and the secondary outcomes were deaths from cardiovascular events. Results Finally, 387 patients with DM on MHD were included. The median BAs level of all patients was 4.0 μmol/L. The RCS-based BAs cutoff value was 3.5 μmol/L. The BAs levels correlated negatively with total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, and blood calcium levels. During the follow-up, 21.7% of the patients died. The multivariate Cox regression analysis demonstrated that patients with DM on MHD with higher BAs were associated independently with a decreased risk of all-cause death (HR =0.55; 95% CI, 0.35–0.81, p = 0.01) compared to those with lower BAs levels. Conclusions Higher BAs levels were associated with lower lipid levels in patients with DM on MHD. BAs is an independent risk factor for all-cause death in patients with DM on MHD.