Abstract
The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of rainfall erosivity index AI on the hydraulics of overland flow parameters such as the flow velocity, the flow depth, the flow regime, overland flow power and on soil surface characteristics, such as surface roughness and sediment concentration. The erosivity index AI represents six rainfall intensities, 31.40 mm·h-1; 37.82 mm·h-1; 69.49 mm·h-1; 81.85 mm·h-1; 90.39 mm·h-1 and 101.94 mm·h-1 generated by a rainfall simulator. To simulate the soil plot, a soil tray was filled with remolded agricultural sandy soil. The results found have shown that the AI represents better the rainfall than rainfall intensity and related to drop diameter with a power function. Overland flow never exceeded the laminar and subcritical regime; the Reynolds number reacted differently with AI and rainfall intensity, whereas the Froude number has similar reaction with both parameters. Re, Fr and n follow with AI logarithmic, linear and power functions respectively. Finally, AI is a good predictor of soil erosion.
Highlights
Among the purposes of soil erosion research is to determine the erosive effects of rainfall, especially the effects of raindrops impact
The effect of rainfall was treated under a single drop parameters such as, velocity diameter, kinetic energy, drop force, drop pressure, drop power; and under rainfall parameters such as, rainfall depth, intensities, duration, the total amount of rain, the area of impact and all the soil characteristics were investigated to enhance the understanding of soil erosion (Marshall and Palmer 1948, Palmer 1965, Kinnell 1981, Mualem and Assouline 1986, El Kateb et al 2013, Guo et al 2013a)
The aim of this paper is to contribute to finding relationships between the rainfall erosivity index AI generated by the rainfall simulator and the rainfall intensity, the rainfall power, the hydraulics of overland flow, such as depth, velocity, flow regime and sediment concentration using a remolded agricultural sandy soil
Summary
Among the purposes of soil erosion research is to determine the erosive effects of rainfall, especially the effects of raindrops impact. In the literature, the latter phenomenon generally referred to the term rainfall erosivity or potential ability of rainfall to erode soil. The erosivity of natural rainfall developed to determine the artificial rainfall erosivity index This serves as an important parameter for the calculation of potential soil erosion, if soil erodibility and the other soil surface parameters are known as well. The effect of rainfall was treated under a single drop parameters such as, velocity diameter, kinetic energy, drop force, drop pressure, drop power; and under rainfall parameters such as, rainfall depth, intensities, duration, the total amount of rain, the area of impact and all the soil characteristics were investigated to enhance the understanding of soil erosion (Marshall and Palmer 1948, Palmer 1965, Kinnell 1981, Mualem and Assouline 1986, El Kateb et al 2013, Guo et al 2013a)
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