Abstract
Purpose: The aim of this study is to investigate the expression of survivin gene in patients suffering from urinary bladder cancer, thus contributing to further understanding of the molecular etiology of the disease by assessment of Survivin gene expression on both RNA and protein levels in urinary bladder tissue samples and Correlate between its expression and pathological prognostic parameters of patients with urinary bladder cancer risk. Methods: In the present study 26 cases of urinary bladder cancer and 26 cases of normal tissues far from tumor sites in the urinary bladder of the same patients (as control samples) were collected, also 10 paraffin-embedded tissue samples from consecutive of archival bladder specimens patients and 10 tissue samples that of healthy tissue from the same individual as control group were collected for immunohistochemical detection of survivin protein and real time PCR for survivin mRNA detection. Results: In normal tissues of control samples no expression for survivin gene has been noticed. However, in patients affected with bladder cancer the survivin expression was highly increased by increasing degree of tumor malignancy as indicated by real time PCR for survivin mRNA and immunohistochemistry for survivin protein. Conclusion: From this study, it is concluded that survivin protein was not expressed in normal bladder urothelium but was present in a high percentage in tissue samples of patients suffering from bladder cancer and its expression is associated with disease recurrence, tumor grade, progression and mortality.
Highlights
Bladder cancer is the 9th most common cancer diagnosis worldwide, with more than 330,000 new cases each year and more than 130,000 deaths per year, with an estimated male:female ratio of 3.8:1.0 In industrialized Western countries, transitional cell tumors comprise 90%-95% of bladder tumors; 3%-7% are squamous cell, and 1%-2% are adenocarcinomas.[1,2,3] In developing countries in certain locations, up to 75% of cases are squamous cell carcinomas associated with Schistosoma haematobium infestation.[2]
In this study we aim to investigate Survivin gene expression on both RNA and protein levels in urinary bladder tissue samples and Correlate between survivin expression and pathological prognostic parameters of patients with urinary bladder cancer risk
Samples that used for protein expression detection: 10 paraffin-embedded tissue samples from consecutive of archival bladder specimens patients, 10 tissue samples that of Immunohistochemical staining for survivin was done using the procedure (According to: Buchwalow and Bocher, 2010) and Immunohistochemical staining protocol (Genemed, USA): The list of reagents used for Immunohistochemical staining and mRNA extraction process could be found in (Table 1)
Summary
Bladder cancer is the 9th most common cancer diagnosis worldwide, with more than 330,000 new cases each year and more than 130,000 deaths per year, with an estimated male:female ratio of 3.8:1.0 In industrialized Western countries, transitional cell tumors comprise 90%-95% of bladder tumors; 3%-7% are squamous cell, and 1%-2% are adenocarcinomas.[1,2,3] In developing countries in certain locations, up to 75% of cases are squamous cell carcinomas associated with Schistosoma haematobium infestation.[2]. Previous research has reported a significant decrease in SCC in Egypt, the overall bladder cancer incidence in Egypt has remained steady due to an increase in TCC over the past 30 years.[4,5,6] Over the last few decades, there have been advances in urinary bladder cancer management leading to earlier detection of the disease and the development of more effective treatments, improving the outcomes for people living with the disease and resulting in declines in urinary bladder cancer deaths.[7,8,9] recent studies in molecular biology and genetics have identified survivin as a candidate gene responsible for cancer progression.[10]
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