The relation between socio-environmental factors and intellectual disability: Unraveling the knot

Abstract

Background and aimThe current literature indicates that people with intellectual disabilities (ID) present quantitative and qualitative peculiarities of various socio-environmental factors than the general population. Although the identification of such peculiarities would have very important implications for the development of preventive, rehabilitative and inclusive procedures, valuable data are still lacking. The aim of the present paper was to assess the significance of the relationship between socio-environmental variables in person with ID, with particular reference to individual history and life contexts.MethodsA consecutively recruited sample of 112 participants with ID attending residential or clinic/rehabilitative services across Italy was evaluated by the administration of ISTORIA (Historiographical organized interview for adult intellectual retard), a semi-structured questionnaire designed to investigate clinical and personal history of the person. A considerable percentage of the samples have co-occurent psychiatric disorder. Scores obtained were statistically processed through frequency analysis and calculation of correlation indexes.ResultsSignificant correlations were found between the family, the educational/professional environments, and the inclusion in society. Further associations concerned social relationships within and outside the family, the changes of living accommodation, and the level of environmental stimulation received.ConclusionsBoth findings from previous research and the ones of this work confirm the importance of investigating the mechanisms involved in the acquisition of social skills by persons with ID, through family dynamics and participation in community life, as protective factor against the worsening of disabilities and potentially of psychopathological vulnerability that affects this population.