Abstract
The aim of the present study is to investigate the relation between personality characteristics and general self-efficacy with successful and unsuccessful aging. In this research, 194 old people, who were members of Tehran’s Retired Staff Club of Education Ministry, were selected as the available sample. This population answered to Diner’s life satisfaction and Goldberg’s general health questionnaires; 30 people who had acquired the highest grades were selected as successful and the other 30 people who had acquired the lowest grades were selected as unsuccessful aged people. Personality characteristics and self-efficacy of these two groups were measured using Neo questionnaire and Shrer’s self-efficacy questionnaire. The obtained results were analyzed using T statistical tests, Pearson correlation, and multiple regression; the results showed a significant relation between personality characteristics and the feeling of self-efficacy between successful and unsuccessful aged people. The results of multiple regression analysis demonstrated that the two characteristics of neuroticism and conscientiousness could better predict the feeling of self-efficacy among aged people.
Highlights
Developments in medical sciences and improvement of life conditions have resulted in an increase in the number of 60-year old people
Veljko (2011) performed a research on the role of personality characteristics in predicting subjective well-being and life satisfaction; in this research, the five-factor model of Zuckerman was employed; the results showed that considering individual differences, personal characteristics have different powers in describing well-being and life satisfaction
Psychological health and life satisfaction questionnaires were distributed among the aged people in the sample who agreed to participate; Shrer's self-efficacy and Neo personality characteristics (1985) questionnaires were completed by the participants
Summary
Developments in medical sciences and improvement of life conditions have resulted in an increase in the number of 60-year old people. Hoyer and Roodin (2009) consider successful aging as the result of the three following performances and their effects: being away from disease and disability, continuing effective physical activities, and continuing social activities in the society (Bengeston, Kuypers, 1985; Palmore, 1979; Rowe and Kahn, 1987; and Ryff, 1982, cited in Orrell, and Specto, 2009). Successful aging is not merely measured based on life satisfaction as was common in traditional viewpoints of quality of life researches; rather, it includes a combined approach of different qualitative and quantitative aspects of aging. They propose several criteria for successful aging:. - The length of lifetime, life satisfaction, biological health, social capability - Psychological health, personal control, and perceptual efficiency
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