Abstract
This study aims to investigate the relation between resistin and periodontopathogenic bacterial levels in the saliva of obese adults compared to healthy control and to examine whether salivary resistin can serve as a biomarker of type 2 diabetes in obese patients. A total of 78 saliva samples were collected from patients attending to the University Dental Hospital, Sharjah, UAE. The patients were divided into three equal groups: obese diabetics, obese nondiabetics, and nonobese nondiabetic control. Salivary resistin was measured using ELISA. The levels of bacterial species associated with periodontitis (Treponema denticola, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, and Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans) and gingivitis (Fusobacterium spp.) were measured using real-time PCR. Both salivary resistin and periodontopathogenic bacteria including Fusobacterium spp., P. gingivalis, and T. forsythia were detected in significantly higher quantities in the obese patients (diabetics and nondiabetics) than nonobese nondiabetic control. Resistin concentrations were significantly correlated with BMI; however, its level was not correlated with the blood glucose. In this study, high salivary resistin was associated with obesity, which is a major predisposing factor for type 2 diabetes and also a risk factor for oral diseases. The high levels of salivary periodontopathogenic bacteria could upregulate the local release of salivary resistin in obese people.
Highlights
Obesity is a major public health problem today
Salivary resistin was significantly higher in the obese patients compared to the nonobese nondiabetic control
There was no correlation between salivary resistin levels and blood glucose (p value: 0.051)
Summary
Obesity is a major public health problem today. It is a risk factor for several chronic diseases, most notably hypertension, dyslipidemia, coronary heart diseases, and diabetes. Whether a biomarker is produced by healthy individuals or by individuals affected by a particular systemic disease, these molecules can be used to monitor health status, disease onset, treatment response, and outcome [3]. Resistin was proposed as a possible link between obesity and insulin resistance; its exact role in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes in human is still a matter of debate. Data suggests that resistin could be one of the molecular links connecting obesity, diabetes, and periodontitis and may serve as a link between periodontal diseases and other systemic diseases [5]
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