Abstract
BackgroundPrevious studies showed an association between dietary intakes and psychological disorders. This study aimed to assess the association between dietary intakes and psychiatric disorders in Iran.MethodsIn this cross sectional research, the data on 9965 adults were extracted from enrollment phase of Yazd Health Study (YaHS); a population-based cohort study on Iranian adults which was conducted during 2014 to 2016. Data on socio-demographic characteristics, tobacco use, history of chronic disease, and dietary assessment were collected using a validated researcher-made questionnaire. Moreover, anthropometric measurement was conducted. Psychological and physical activity assessments were also performed by depression, anxiety and stress scale questionnaire (DASS 21 items) and the short form of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) respectively. Finally, multiple logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate relation between dietary intakes and psychological disorders.ResultsAfter adjusting for the confounders, egg (depression: OR = 0.72, 95% CI: 0.52–0.98; anxiety: OR = 0.72, CI: 0.55–0.94), fruits (depression: OR = 0.60, 95% CI: 0.43–0.82; anxiety: OR = 0.70, 95% CI: 0.53–0.91), milk (depression: OR = 0.72, CI: 0.58–0.89; anxiety: OR = 0.73, CI: 0.61–0.87), and yogurt (depression: OR = 0.67, CI: 0.47–0.97; anxiety: OR = 0.54, CI: 0.4–0.73) were found to have protective effects on depression and anxiety. Higher fish consumption was associated with greater depression odds (OR = 1.54, CI: 1.18–2.04). Vegetables’ intake had an inverse relationship with anxiety (OR = 0.74, CI = 0.58–0.93) and stress (OR = 0.59, CI: 0.42–0.82). Fruits (OR = 0.6, CI: 0.43–0.85) and milk consumption (OR: 0.61, CI: 0.47–0.77) were found to have protective effects on stress.ConclusionsEgg, fruits, milk, yogurt, and vegetables’ consumption had an inverse relationship with psychiatric disorders; whereas, higher fish intake was associated with higher depression chance. Further prospective studies are needed to confirm these findings.
Highlights
Previous studies showed an association between dietary intakes and psychological disorders
Egg, fruits, milk, yogurt, and vegetables’ consumption had an inverse relationship with psychiatric disorders; whereas, higher fish intake was associated with higher depression chance
Some evidences showed a protective effects of consuming fruits [16,17,18,19, 21, 30] and vegetables [16,17,18,19, 21, 30] on psychological disorders, whereas no significant impact was found in a cross sectional study from Columbia [32]
Summary
Previous studies showed an association between dietary intakes and psychological disorders. A few largescale cross sectional studies evaluated the relationship between diet or dietary items and psychological health among the Iranian population [12,13,14,15, 35, 36]. One large-scale cross sectional study evaluated the association between dietary intakes and stress among Iranian adults that reported the protective effect of consuming fruits, vegetables, red meat, and dairy products on stress [31]. No population-based study has ever evaluated the relationship between dietary intakes and other psychiatric disorders, such as depression or anxiety among Iranian adults. The aim was to examine the association between dietary intakes and psychological disorders in a large representative sample of Iranian population
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