Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non‐coding RNAs that regulate gene expression at a post‐transcriptional level via either the degradation or translational repression of a target mRNA. They play an irreplaceable role in angiogenesis by regulating the proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, migration and tube formation of angiogenesis‐related cells, which are indispensable for multitudinous physiological and pathological processes, especially for the occurrence and development of vascular diseases. Imbalance between the regulation of miRNAs and angiogenesis may cause many diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, aneurysm, Kawasaki disease, aortic dissection, phlebothrombosis and diabetic microvascular complication. Therefore, it is important to explore the essential role of miRNAs in angiogenesis, which might help to uncover new and effective therapeutic strategies for vascular diseases. This review focuses on the interactions between miRNAs and angiogenesis, and miRNA‐based biomarkers in the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of angiogenesis‐related diseases, providing an update on the understanding of the clinical value of miRNAs in targeting angiogenesis.
Highlights
Vascular disease is a pathological process in clinical practice, including cardiovascular and peripheral vascular disease.[1]
Recent studies found that miR-124-3p is significantly decreased in ECs from pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) patients and in various cancers tissues, associated with poor prognosis in patients,[35,36] whose up-regulation can attenuate glioma cell proliferation, migration and tumour angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo by NRP-1mediated phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT/NFjB pathways and by targeting R-Ras and N-Ras.[35,37]
MiR-26b-5p is obviously down-regulated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tissues and HCC cell lines, which represses the apoptosis and tube formation of HCC cells and inhibits angiogenesis via decreasing the expression of VE-cadherin, Snail and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs)-2 in vitro and in vivo.[120]. These results indicate that miR-26a/b can repress angiogenesis in ECs and tumours by different pathways and may act as a promising novel biomarker and target for the diagnosis and treatment of angiogenesis-related diseases
Summary
Vascular disease is a pathological process in clinical practice, including cardiovascular and peripheral vascular disease.[1]. Recent studies found that miR-124-3p is significantly decreased in ECs from pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) patients and in various cancers tissues, associated with poor prognosis in patients,[35,36] whose up-regulation can attenuate glioma cell proliferation, migration and tumour angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo by NRP-1mediated PI3K/AKT/NFjB pathways and by targeting R-Ras and N-Ras.[35,37]. MiR-29b is closely related to poor recurrence-free survival of HCC patients, and miR-29b overexpression can inhibit angiogenesis and tumourigenesis in vivo and weaken tube formation, and cell proliferation and migration in vitro via directly repressing MMP-2.40 Importantly, therapeutic delivery of miR-29b can inhibit tumour angiogenesis and tumourigenesis with high efficiency by targeting AKT3 and inducing the expression of VEGF and C-myc.[44].
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