Abstract
This paper investigates the regulatory rules of market transparency which could be applied within the wholesale electricity market and market for frequency and voltage control in the Web-of-Cells (WoC) decentralized power control architecture, which has been developed in the ELECTRA Project to respond the challenges and needs of the future power system (2030+). In this decentralized functional architecture for frequency and voltage control, the European Union (EU) power grid is divided into grid control areas, i.e., cells, which are defined as portions of the grid having adequate monitoring infrastructure and local reserves capacity, allowing voltage and balancing (frequency) problems to be solved at cell level, under the responsibility of a Cell System Operator (CSO) (present Distribution System Operator (DSO)/Transmission System Operator (TSO)). In order to foster the practical realization of the WoC-based architecture, the related wholesale electricity market and market for frequency and voltage control are proposed considering the competitive market principles, including transparency. The critical review of the existing EU regulations dealing with this issue suggests respecting the valid provisions on market transparency while tailoring them into the WoC-based architecture. Moreover, in order to take into account the WoC peculiarities, a set of integrations to the current regulatory rules is also proposed, addressing: (1) disclosure of information in respect to attributes of emerging technologies such as renewable energy sources (RES), distributed energy resources (DER), storage; (2) provision of generation and load forecast information; (3) process of procurement of flexibilities; (4) retail market transparency; (5) disclosure of privacy-sensitive household attributes; and (6) disclosure of information on market for frequency and voltage control.
Highlights
This paper investigates the issue of transparency in the wholesale electricity market and market for frequency and voltage control within the WoC concept developed in the ELECTRA project to respond the challenges of future power systems (2030+), that will be supplied by high volumes of intermittent renewable energy sources (RES), distributed energy resources (DER), electric vehicles (EVs) and storage technologies
It analyzes the framework of market transparency for the WoC from the perspective of regulatory rules that impose minimum requirements for data and information for actors taking part in the wholesale electricity market and market for frequency and voltage control
The detailed review of the European legislation on the framework for wholesale electricity market transparency shows that market transparency is a relevant issue in Europe, as it is comprehensively addressed through the directive [24] and several dispersed European regulations [16,30,31,32]
Summary
With the growing share of renewable energy sources (RES) penetration in the power grid at all voltage levels, the increasing electrical load due to the electrification of heating and transport, and the Energies 2019, 12, 880; doi:10.3390/en12050880 www.mdpi.com/journal/energies. Energies 2019, 12, 880 active involvement of flexibility resources at distribution level, a number of issues related to reverse power flows, local congestion and voltage problems may arise In this scenario, the future frequency and voltage control can no longer be effectively managed in a central manner under the responsibility of Transmission System Operators (TSOs). A real transition towards a new functional decentralized control architecture is needed in view of the fundamental transformation of the 2030+ power system To meet these needs, the ELECTRA Integrated Research Program proposed the Web-of-Cell (WoC) concept [3,4]. The research focuses on concept of market transparency and aims at developing the frameworks for transparency in wholesale electricity market and market for frequency and voltage control designed for the WoC concept, while tailoring them to the European regulatory rules that are currently imposed for market transparency
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