Abstract
Since the lipid profile is altered by physical activity, the study of lipid metabolism is a remarkable element in understanding if and how physical activity affects the health of both professional athletes and sedentary subjects. Although not fully defined, it has become clear that resistance exercise uses fat as an energy source. The fatty acid oxidation rate is the result of the following processes: (a) triglycerides lipolysis, most abundant in fat adipocytes and intramuscular triacylglycerol (IMTG) stores, (b) fatty acid transport from blood plasma to muscle sarcoplasm, (c) availability and hydrolysis rate of intramuscular triglycerides, and (d) transport of fatty acids through the mitochondrial membrane. In this review, we report some studies concerning the relationship between exercise and the aforementioned processes also in light of hormonal controls and molecular regulations within fat and skeletal muscle cells.
Highlights
Regular physical activity is important for mental health and for physical health
There are four major endogenous sources of energy: plasma glucose derived from liver glycogenolysis, free fatty acids (FFAs) released from adipose tissue lipolysis and from the hydrolysis of triacylglycerol (TG) in very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL-TG), and muscle glycogen and intramyocellular triacylglycerols (IMTGs) available within the skeletal muscle fibers
Rate of appearance of glycerol and free fatty acids increased after 30 min and 4 h of exercise
Summary
Regular physical activity is important for mental health and for physical health. The study of lipid metabolism is a key element to understand how physical activity influences our health and, in particular, that of professional athletes. Several studies have highlighted the differences between athletes and sedentary subjects, some differences among sport disciplines exist [14]. Fat and carbohydrate provide the most important form of fuel for exercise and sports activities. Fats and carbohydrates are oxidized simultaneously, but their relative contribution depends on a variety of factors, exercise duration and intensity included. Substrate utilization as fuel sources during physical activity is highly influenced by the type of exercise
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