Abstract
Autophagy is a treatment target for many disorders, including cancer, and its specific role is becoming increasingly well known. In tumors, researchers pay attention to microribonucleic acids (miRNAs) with regulatory effects to develop more effective therapeutic drugs for autophagy and find new therapeutic targets. Various studies have shown that autophagy-related miRNAs play an irreplaceable role in different tumors, such as miR-495, miR-30, and miR-101. These miRNAs are associated with autophagy resistance in gastric cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, and cervical cancer. In recent years, autophagy-related miRNAs have also been reported to play a role in autophagy in urinary system tumors. This article reviews the regulatory effects of autophagy-related miRNAs in kidney, bladder, and prostate cancer and provides new ideas for targeted therapy of the three major tumors of the urinary system.
Highlights
Microribonucleic acids are a kind of small noncoding RNA with a length of 17–25 nucleotides that regulate the expression of many genes by base-pairing the complementary sequences of the 3′-untranslated region (3′UTR) [1, 2]
Disorders of gene expression are the main signs of cancer, and Microribonucleic acids (miRNAs) play an important role in regulating gene expression programs, which are the basis of pathological cell processes [3, 4]
Many human miRNA genes are located at fragile sites that are subject to translocation, amplification, deletion, or mutation in cancer [5]. ese molecules usually reduce the mRNA’s translation and stability, including those genes that mediate tumorigeneses, such as apoptosis, cell cycle regulation, stress response, differentiation, and invasion [6,7,8]
Summary
Microribonucleic acids (miRNAs) are a kind of small noncoding RNA with a length of 17–25 nucleotides that regulate the expression of many genes by base-pairing the complementary sequences of the 3′-untranslated region (3′UTR) [1, 2]. In the process of tumorigenesis and development, miRNAs induce angiogenesis and participate in tumor cell metabolism and other biological, behavioral changes through the regulation of tumor invasion and autophagy-related metastases [14, 15]. As a survival pathway and quality control mechanism, participates in normal cell physiological metabolism, provides biological materials and energy to cope with stress, contributes to tumorigenesis and tumor development by removing damaged proteins and organelles, and prevents tumorigenesis [30,31,32]. Is study reviews the relevant regulatory effects of autophagy-related miRNAs (Table 1) in the three major urinary tract tumors, including kidney cancer, bladder cancer, and prostate cancer, which will help us develop promising cancer biomarkers and therapeutic targets As miRNA’s regulatory role in the autophagy process continues to be understood, these studies may play an irreplaceable role in understanding tumor initiation, biological behavior, treatment, and drug resistance during treatment. is study reviews the relevant regulatory effects of autophagy-related miRNAs (Table 1) in the three major urinary tract tumors, including kidney cancer, bladder cancer, and prostate cancer, which will help us develop promising cancer biomarkers and therapeutic targets
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