Abstract
Exploring the spatial pattern of tourism resources and tourism economy is vital to improve the utilization efficiency of tourism resources and promote sustainable tourism development. This research investigated the quantity and types of tourism resources and analyzed the spatial patterns of tourism resources on Hainan Island from the perspectives of spatial variation and spatial association. The spatial and temporal pattern of the number of tourists and tourism revenue during 2010–2019 were further analyzed. The influencing factors of tourism development were explored based on the geographic detector. The results showed that 10425 tourism resources exist on Hainan Island, and the type of buildings and facilities had the largest number of tourism resources. The geological landscape, astronomical phenomena and meteorological landscapes, buildings and facilities, ruins and remains, tourism commodities, and human activities showed significant spatial agglomeration. Domestic tourism was far more developed than inbound tourism in terms of the number of tourists and tourism revenue. However, the spatial difference of tourism resources and tourism economy was apparent on Hainan Island. Factor analysis showed that the quantity of hotels, the proportion of tertiary industry in the GDP, and the regional population were the most influential factors for the distribution of tourism resources, while the density of the road network, the quantity of hotels, the per capita GDP, the proportion of tertiary industry in GDP, the regional population, and the quantity of tourism resources showed obvious influences on the tourism economy of Hainan Island. Interactions of the factors mainly fell into three types: synergistic increases, single factor weakening, and nonlinear weakening. It is suggested that the local government should fully exploit diversity types of tourism resources on Hainan Island to attract more tourists and improve the tourism revenue; improving the inbound tourism, and to strengthen the construction of road network on Hainan Island.
Highlights
The results indicated a total of 10425 tourism resource objects on Hainan Island, while the numbers of different types of tourism resources were significantly different
The coefficient of variation (CV) of the Astronomical Phenomena and Meteorological Landscapes, Buildings and Facilities, and Human Activities were all higher than 80% (Table 2), indicating that the spatial differences between these tourism resources are significant
We established a comprehensive database of tourism resources, number of tourists and tourism revenue on Hainan Island during 2010–2019
Summary
The regional differences and influencing factors of tourism development on Hainan Island. It would be helpful to measure different factors’ impacts on the tourism resources, tourism revenue and the number of tourists. This paper will comprehensively describe the tourism development pattern including tourism resources, tourism revenue and number of tourists of Hainan Island and identifying the influencing factors. The structural types and quantitative characteristics of tourism resources on Hainan Island will be analyzed and the spatial pattern of tourism resources at township level will be described. This paper will analyze the development of Hainan’s tourism economy from two perspectives of the quantity of tourists and tourism revenue in 2010–2019. The attributes and spatial coordinates of tourism resources were obtained via field research, which covered 18 counties and cities on Hainan Island. Data were obtained from the National Basic Geographic Information System database at a resolution of 500 m (Fig 1b)
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