Abstract
A general expression is derived for the refraction of radio waves passing completely through a spherical ionized layer, using a simple ray treatment. A similar formula is derived for the ray-path length. It is shown that when certain approximations appropriate to the terrestrial ionosphere are made, neglecting absorption and the effect of the earth's magnetic field, the expression for refraction reduces to a, simple form which has previously been derived by the author using a less general method. The perpetual propagation of radio waves along two levels in the ionosphere, the condition for which appears in the derivation of the general formula., is briefly discussed. It is shown that with slight modifications the refraction formula is also valid for reflection, and an expression giving the distance of the point of reflection in the ionosphere from the transmitter on the earth's surface is derived.
Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
