Abstract
Given the military instability of Mesopotamia, and the partial de-legitimation of the Kingship and the bureaucratic state which resulted from this, we should not be surprised to find that reform movements and messianic religious movements swept this region from time to time. The ethic of social justice was characterized by a morality which held that the rich and powerful should not take advantage of the poor and weak, that slaves should not be mistreated, and that the unfortunate, such as the orphan or the widow, should be well cared for. And since many of the “immoral” actions emanated from the expanding power of the bureaucrats within the kingly state, a hatred of this new state structure and the kingly-servants who managed it typified this region.
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