Abstract
The practical calculation of the first reflection from a porous layer with a rigid backing of limited dimensions has been reported. In this paper, the reflection from such a panel is reviewed so as to explain the phenomenon of the negative reflection at grazing incidence. Such negative reflections are considered to occur when sound is reflected by auditorium seats whether they are hard or absorptive. Measurements have been made of surface, reflections from seats at various grazing angles in several auditoria. The results are discussed in relation to grazing incident angles and seat finishes. Also the behaviour of successive reflected waves is discussed in terms of the reflection coefficient of seating materials.
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