Abstract
The reduction of emission production of small heat-sources for solid-based fuels by applying control mechanisms
Highlights
IntroductionTo attain thermal comfort in households, it is necessary to ensure a sufficient amount of thermal energy, that is commonly created by burning fuel: Solid (wood, coke, coal), liquid (oil) or gaseous (natural gas) fuel
Production of emissions from small heat sources burning solid fuels in households in Slovakia is relatively high
21 − O2n 21 − O2avg where Y(10%O2) is the normalized emission concentration in mg/m3, Y represents the emission concentration, which is calculated by a previous equation (Eq 1) in mg/m3, O2n represents the normalized concentration of oxygen in the flue gas in % and O2avg represents the mean value of the oxygen concentration in the flue gas in %
Summary
To attain thermal comfort in households, it is necessary to ensure a sufficient amount of thermal energy, that is commonly created by burning fuel: Solid (wood, coke, coal), liquid (oil) or gaseous (natural gas) fuel. The European energy organizations have introduced standards and standardized procedures for the control of household heating appliances in aims of reducing emissions while extending operation lifetime. There is a high number of outdated and unmaintained equipment in operation. This creates a high concentration of harmful substances in the environment and directly within a household as well. According to a study carried out on a sample of Slovak households in 2018, the average age of solid fuel boilers in Slovakia is 12 years, and for fireplace stoves up to about 21 years old [17]
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